Extracting the Essence: Fluid Dynamics and Thermal Limits in Espresso

Published on Feb. 4, 2024, 10:37 a.m.

The creation of a concentrated coffee beverage is fundamentally an exercise in high-pressure applied chemistry. What appears to…

The Alchemy of Foam: Protein Physics, Lipids, and the Science of the Perfect Latte

Published on Sept. 13, 2023, 4:02 p.m.

A latte is not just coffee with milk. It is a suspension of gas in liquid, stabilized by a complex network of denatured protein…